> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.rhinestone.dev/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Signer types

> Choose how users authenticate and sign transactions in your Rhinestone smart account.

Your choice of signer determines how users authenticate. The right one depends on who your users are and whether they already have a wallet.

## Native signers

Cryptographic primitives built into the SDK. No third-party provider required.

<CardGroup cols={3}>
  <Card title="ECDSA" icon="key" href="./ecdsa-signer">
    Standard Ethereum key pairs. Supports single-owner and multisig (n/m threshold). Best for server-side and agent wallets.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Passkey" icon="fingerprint" href="./passkeys">
    Device biometrics via WebAuthn (Face ID, Touch ID). No seed phrases. Supports single-owner and multisig. Best for consumer apps.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Multi-factor" icon="shield-check" href="../advanced/multi-factor-authentication">
    Combine multiple validators, e.g. require both an ECDSA key and a passkey. Best for high-security accounts.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Embedded wallet signers

Keys managed inside your app via secure enclave. Users authenticate with social login or email, with no browser extension or seed phrase needed. Use these when onboarding users who don't already have a crypto wallet.

<CardGroup cols={3}>
  <Card title="Privy" href="./signers/privy">
    Social and email login with embedded wallets.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Dynamic" href="./signers/dynamic">
    Multi-chain embedded wallets with social and email login.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Para" href="./signers/para">
    Embedded wallets with MPC key management.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Magic" href="./signers/magic">
    Email and social login with non-custodial embedded wallets.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Turnkey" href="./signers/turnkey">
    Programmatic wallet infrastructure for server-side and agent use cases.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Openfort" href="./signers/openfort">
    Embedded wallets with a gaming-first developer experience.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## External wallet signers

Browser extensions and mobile wallets users already own, such as MetaMask, Coinbase Wallet, and any WalletConnect-compatible wallet. Use these for dApps serving existing Web3 users.

<Card title="External wallets" icon="wallet" href="./signers/external-wallet-signer">
  Connect MetaMask, Coinbase Wallet, and WalletConnect-compatible wallets via Reown AppKit.
</Card>